Parameters of the cameras and photographic settings (English)

In this tutorial I will explain the fundamental concepts and most important regarding the handling of the camera, this tutorial is applied to programs 3d cameras and cameras in real life (SLR), 3d cameras render engines try to simulate the reflex in handling. Although each application 3d sometimes renames some parameter (F-STOP = f / number) the use and concept are the same.

I will begin by telling you that just as in real life there is no 2 cameras of different brands with the same settings make identical pictures because each camera has its own calculations to interpret the capture of a single image (color, sharpness, lighting, etc.), in the 3d programs, there not two rendering engine that renders like a scene, because each engine has its own algorithms to render a scene.

Note that the result of an image depends on the control of various parameters and the modification of one influences the other, for example to correct exposure, sharpness, depth of field, etc. depends in turn change the focal length, the aperture, shutter speed and ISO.

Camera resting

Focal length

Is the distance from the optical center of the lens to the focal point of the lens or mirror of the camera.
These measures make a lens has greater or less breadth of vision, short values such as 10mm or less are called lens «Fish eye» which have a wide field of view and serves very well if you want to panoramic landscapes or in places where there is not much movement space, with this type of lens in a 3d scene Might capture the whole scene of 180 º or 360 º single render; higher values as 150mm or more will telephoto, this lens will have a reduced field vision but you will see distant objects closer.

Comparison of the focal length in millimeters of the objectives

Aperture (F-Stop = f / number)

In SLR cameras, the diaphragm is located as sheets inside the lens and are responsible for controlling the amount of light that passes right through the lens. These blades are opened and closed by forming a hole that passes more or less light into the camera. The diaphragm to control it manually you have the option of going gradually increasing the opening or diminishes it, this gradual control is rendered with values ranging accompanied by the symbol f. So we have commonly the diaphragm has openings with values ranging from f/2.8 to f/22, on some targets may have also f/1 and / or f/32.
The move from one value to another is called Step or EV, between steps there are also intermediate values such as between f/8 and f/11 are the f/9 y f/10, in 3d cameras can put even more numbers f accurate as f/8.08, f/8.1, f/8.156, etc.

Table of values f and intermediate steps

Increase the aperture is the same as saying you have to reduce the values f for more light to enter and close the diaphragm is the same as saying you have to increase the values of f so less light, such a value f/22 indicates that the diaphragm is closed enough so it will get a little light and f/2.8 aperture value is quite open so it will get more light.

Remember to close the diaphragm equals higher values f therefore less light enters and opening the aperture is equal to low values f therefore more light entering.

Aperture openings

Shutter speed

It is the time that elapses from entering the light until it reaches the sensor, the sensor is the chip where the light coming through the lens falls and is responsible for capturing the image. In the 3d programs as there is no real light either shutter, this speed and image capture is done by algorithmic calculations.

Moment when the light enters the chamber and passes through the diaphragm into the sensor, the shutter controls the time the sensor is exposed to light

Shutter speeds commonly cameras is 1/2000 to 30″ through 1/1000, 1/500, 1/250 … 1/60 … 4″, 8″, 15″, most modern SLRs speed increases to 1/4000 and/or 1/8000.

Shutter speeds

We can say that the change from one value to another is known as Step or EV, ie for example the change of 1/8 to 1/15 is 1 Step (1 EV) or 2″ to 15″ are 3 Steps (3 EV ). There are also intermediate values between Paso and Paso for example between 1/2 and 1″ is the 1/1.6 and 1/1.3, this rendering engine is more accurate because it allows you to manually set values more accurately for example 2, 1.75, 1.6 , 1.52, 1.3, etc., where 2 is 1/2.

Table of shutter speeds and intermediate steps

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